翻譯:在這場變革中,指在解釋歷史研究中新的史料形式的新的方法擴充了傳統的歷史研究方法。 四、補充兩種被動語態的譯法: 補充兩種被動語態的譯法: 被動語態的譯法 1、保留主語變被動為主動: 、保留主語變被動為主動: 例句 Mr. Michael was given a prize。麥克先生獲獎了。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)、譯為無主句 、 例句:some pictures were hung on the wall。墻上掛著一些畫 Much was left to be design 還有很大的提高空間。 還有很大的提高空間。 (該句可以用在很多場合:評價某人的成果,夸獎別 人時,用得最多的場合是吃飯時。 ) 總結: 總結: 1、在科技文體中,被動語態使用較頻繁,通常表達一種客觀冷靜的態度,翻譯時要做必要的體現。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)、注意不要使用被字結構過于頻繁,適當選擇同義詞組進行替換,以便于語氣更加順暢 3、常用技巧:a 倒置法 b 增詞法 c 詞類轉譯法 、常用技巧: 詞類轉譯法 詞匯考點: 詞匯考點:as 引導的結構 as 1、比較結構:as much as ,as many as ,as more as 2(世博北京翻譯公司)、同位語結構 3、定語從句 1999 年 71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. 動詞:are,are,conforms 不同歷史學家對歷史有不同的定義。 conforms to 與什么相符合,相一致 one 引導的定語從句 判斷 “that” 引導的從句是定語從句還是同位語從句?如果 “that” 后面是個 引導的定語從句:判斷 引導的從句是定語從句還是同位語從句? 完整的句子,則該從句是同位語從句;反之,則為定語從句。 完整的句子,則該從句是同位語從句;反之,則為定語從句。 recreate 重新制造,引申為再現。 整句翻譯:當今的歷史史學研究實踐,最傾向于這個定義,即:把歷史看作是對過去重大事件的一種 解釋和再現(的一種嘗試) 。 2(世博北京翻譯公司)2(世博北京翻譯公司)
as 引導的比較結構 引導的比較結構 1994 年 According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. 71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 72(世博北京翻譯公司)) "In short", a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions." insights of great men of genius:偉大的天才人物洞察力 improved techniques and tools 改進的技術和工具 not so much…as… 與其說…還不如說… (與句子的順序是一致的,但 rather than 要顛倒) He lay rather than sat in his armchair 他與其說是坐著,不如說是躺著 rather than 更好的譯法: 而不是…他是躺著,而不是坐著。 The captive troops would rather die than surrender。這只被捉住的部隊寧愿死,也不愿投降。 would rather …than… 寧愿干什么,也不愿干什么。 寧愿干什么,也不愿干什么。 翻譯:他們說,科學的進步,與其說是由于天才人物的遠見卓識,還不如說是諸如改進了的技術和工 具的更為普通的事情。 as 作為同位語結構、狀語結構 作為同位語結構、 1994 年 72(世博北京翻譯公司)) "In short", a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions." 73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 此句為單句 Over the years,多年以來 fundamental 重要的 innovation 革新 ignore 忽視=over look = neglect, philosophers of science 科學哲學家 忽視= largely:很大程度上=how well :很大程度上= 翻譯:多年以來,工具技術就其自身作為根本性變革一個來源,這一點很大程度被科學家和歷史學家 2(世博北京翻譯公司)3
忽視了。 (注意:本句忽視的是句子的同位語,并沒有忽視工具和技術。 ) 1997 年 On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 72(世博北京翻譯公司))Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. Argue 是第一個動詞,that 引導賓語從句 Argue 在很多情況下不表示爭論,就表示說。類似有 think、hold、believe、convince…… 有些哲學家說權利僅僅存在于一種社會契約范圍內…… entitlements.權力,但是和前面的 right 不同。right 天生就有的,天賦的 Human Right 人權 entitlements.是別人賦予你的,或在某種場合和地位下賦予你的 be entitled to do sth duties and entitlements 權力和責任 exchange 交換,這里不是交換,而是交替 第一種翻譯: 有些哲學家說權利僅僅存在于一種社會契約范圍內, 是作為權責交替的一部分而存在的。 第二種翻譯:有些哲學家說權力是作為權責交替的一部分而存在于一種社會契約范圍內 第二種翻譯更好。 as 引導的定語從句 引導的定語從句 1998 年 72(世博北京翻譯公司))The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 192(世博北京翻譯公司)0s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According to the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans. Big Bang 大爆炸理論。Bang 是英文中的象聲詞。后作動詞用。如:bang the door 意為砸門 在第一段的最后一句話: that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy.) cosmos 等于 universe 兩個難點: 、 兩個難點: 1、required for 被動的翻譯 2(世博北京翻譯公司)、as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 、 giant clouds 星云,巨大的云團或云帶 2(世博北京翻譯公司)4
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