2 起大風了。
It’s blowing hard. (漢語中表自然現象的句子多為無主句,漢譯英時,姚依照英語的習慣,增添it 做主語。)
3(世博北京翻譯公司) 用勞動實現自己的夢想,用理想指導自己的勞動。
You realize your ideals through labor and you guide your labor by ideals.
另外,漢語的動詞往往沒有賓語,隱含的賓語需要讀者自己通過推理得出。而當這樣的漢語動詞要翻譯為英語中的動詞,尤其是及物動詞時,就必須補上隱含的賓語。
他(孫悟空)就弄個神通,把毫毛拔下幾根,*丟入口中嚼啐,*噴將出去,念聲咒語,叫聲“變!”即變做幾個瞌睡蟲,奔在眾人臉上。
Plucking a few hairs, he threw them into his month and chewed them to pieces before spitting them out. He recited a spell and cried “Change!” They change into many sleeping inducing insects, shich landed on the people’s faces. (以上漢語標*兩處都省去了賓語——毫毛,英語譯文中則要補出。)
多一點困難怕什么。封鎖*吧,封鎖*十年八年,中國的一切問題都解決了。
What matters if we have to face some difficulties? Let them blockade us! Let them blockade us for eight or ten years! By that time all of China’s problems will have been solved.(原文中標*的地方都省去了賓語“我們”,同樣在譯文中須加上。)
漢語行文是一句一句下去的,這同它缺少形態變化和足夠的關系詞,只能依靠時間順序和邏輯關系組句有關。但英語句子結構的本質是疊床架屋性的。如按漢語的結構譯,譯出來的英語就會成為一個一個簡單的獨立句,相互之間沒有聯系。這不符合英語的句子結構。因此漢譯英時要把邏輯上有關系的幾個句子合起來。
西部地域遼闊,交通不發達,首先要進行基礎設施的建設。
Since the western region covers a vast area with poor tansport facilities, we should first of all conduct infrastructure construction.
2. 為了意義上的需要
英譯漢有時有必要增加合適的動詞、形容詞或副詞,使譯文意思明確,例如:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) When I came to I was in the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two thirds drowned.
當我清醒過來時,發覺自己在水里,雖然浸得半死,卻本能地浮著。(增補動詞)(原文雖然沒有"發覺",但譯者根據上下文增補了它,使譯文意思更加明確、表達通順。)
(2) He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.
毫無疑問,他以為會有熱烈的擁抱,滿桌的食物,激動的淚水,歡樂的笑聲,一段接一段的談話,一次又一次的擁抱,沒完沒了。(譯文中增加了三個相應的形容詞,形象地描繪出他想象中的歡樂場景,使意思更加明確,表達更加生動。)
(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communique.
晚上在參加宴會、出席音樂會、觀看乒乓球表演之后,他還得起草最后公報。
(4) These soon told her,… how easy it was and how little it interfered with life's affairs to go and see one's grave.
這些人不久便告訴她…去看自己親人的墳墓是多么容易,幾乎一點兒也不妨礙日常生活。
(5) The sky is clear blue now the sun has flung diamonds down on meadow and bank and wood.
此時已是萬里藍天,太陽把顆顆光彩奪目的鉆石灑向草原,灑向河岸,灑向樹林。
有時為了意思明確還必須增加合適的名詞或是重復同一名詞,例如:
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.
這些早期的汽車速度緩慢,行動笨拙,效率不高。(譯文中在形容詞前分別加上了三個名詞,既使譯文意思明確,又使它形成四字詞組,勻稱整齊。)
英語中有一些由動詞或形容詞派生來的抽象名詞,翻譯時也可根據上下文在其后增加適當的名詞,使譯文意思明確、符合漢語的表達習慣。例如:
darkness 漆黑一團
madness 瘋狂行為
complacency 自滿情緒
backwardness 落后狀態
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.
翻譯公司 (責任編輯:世博翻譯公司) |