這類人持極端看法，認為人與動物在各相關方面都不相同，對待動物無須考慮道德問題。

　　3、抽象名詞如何處理

　　把抽象名詞按照以下四種方法來應對

　　(1)名詞和動詞的配合

　　例：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,first put forward in the 1920s,to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.

　　巨大的宇宙云的存在，實際上是使二十世紀二十年代首創的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導地位所不可缺少的。

　　(2)用形容詞和名詞之間進行配合

　　例：Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

　　人們之所以關注歷史研究的方法論，主要是因為史學界內部意見不一，其次是因為外界并不認為歷史是一門學問。

　　(3)名詞和句子之間進行配合

　　例：Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

　　人們之所以關注歷史研究的方法論，主要是因為史學界內部意見不一，其次是因為外界并不認為歷史是一門學問。

　　(4)名詞和章之間進行配合

　　例：It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources,and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

　　這種謬誤同樣存在于歷史傳統派和歷史社科派；前者認為歷史就是史學界內部和外部人士對各種史料來源的評論，后者認為歷史的研究是具體方法的研究。

　　4、專有名詞的問題

　　包括人名、地名和專業術語

　　(1)熟悉的專有名詞

　　例：Galileo''s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.

　　伽利略的最光輝業績在于他在1609年第一個把新發明的望遠鏡對準天空，以證實行星是圍繞太陽旋轉而不是圍繞地球旋轉的

　　(2)不太熟悉的專有名詞

　　例：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.

　　未來學家皮爾森匯集世界各地數百位研究人員的成果，編制了一個獨特的新技術千年歷，它列出了人們有望看到數百項重大突破和發現的最遲日期。

　　(3)復合性的專有名詞

　　例：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,first put forward in the 1920s,to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.

　　巨大的宇宙云的存在，實際上是使二十世紀二十年代首創的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導地位所不可缺少的。

三、動詞的處理方法

　　一是常用動詞，二是高難動詞，三是容易混消的動詞，四是動詞短語。

　　(1)常用動詞

　　例：For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

　　例如，測試并不能彌補明顯的社會不公；因此，它們不能說明一個物質條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環境下成長的話，會有多大才干。

　　(2)高難動詞

　　例：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

　　這些預測在多大程度上為后來的表現所證實，這取決于所采用信息的數量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。

　　(3)容易混消的動詞

　　例：Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

　　人們之所以關注歷史研究的方法論，主要是因為史學界內部意見不一，其次是因為外界并不認為歷史是一門學問。 翻譯公司 (責任編輯：世博翻譯公司)