英譯漢的意合趨勢—處理長句來順應(yīng)漢語 敘事、描寫的行文習(xí)慣  

（一）將從句、-ing、-ed分詞短語譯為小句。 1. He had to win his way into the heart of a laughing girl who had no serious thought of loving any man—least of all, Bod Crane. 他必須竭盡全力去博得一個愉快的姑娘的歡心，而 這個姑娘卻從來沒有認(rèn)真考慮過要愛任何男人，尤 其是去愛波德?克萊恩。 2. British playwright Alan Bennett, who enjoyed a peaceful childhood—the only stress came when his father was learning the double bass—spent some time studying the life and works of Kenneth Grahame before adapting The Wind in the Willows for the stage. 英國劇作家艾倫?貝內(nèi)特將《楊柳風(fēng)》改編為舞臺劇之 前，曾花了一些時間研究肯尼恩?格雷厄姆的生平及 其作品。艾倫的童年生活非常寧靜，家中出現(xiàn)過的 唯一一次危機(jī)是由于其父親學(xué)習(xí)演奏低音提琴而引 起的。  

（二）將某些名詞結(jié)構(gòu)譯成小句。 1. He was pale, and there were dark signs of sleeplessness beneath his eyes. 他臉色煞白，眼圈黑黑的，看得出他一夜沒睡好。 2. The walk up Fifth Avenue through the slush of the sidewalks and the darkness of the air had tired him. 紐約第五大街人行道上污雪成漿，空氣陰冷潮濕， 走這一段路他覺得真累。 3. The pompous vanity of the old schoolmistress, the foolish good-temper of her sister, the silly chat and scandal of the elder girls, and the frigid correctness of the governess equally annoyed her. 女校長最愛空架子和虛面子；她妹妹脾氣很好，但讓人覺得 很蠢；年紀(jì)大的女生喜歡說些無聊的閑話，講講人家的隱 私；女教師們又全是一絲不茍的老古板。這一切都讓她很 氣惱。  

（三）將介詞短語譯為小句。 1. …away she skimmed, over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda and into the porch. 她一蹦一跳地跑開了。越過草坪，走過小徑，登上臺階，穿 過游廊，然后進(jìn)了門。 2. Up in his room he sat for a few minutes at the window looking down into the familiar street below. 他上樓進(jìn)屋，在窗前坐了幾分鐘，眺望著窗下那熟悉的風(fēng)景。 3. …he pulled his ankles away, but the dog humped forward in patient pursuit. 他把腳掙開，可那條狗不厭其煩，弓著身子又湊了上來。  

4. Punctually at five minutes to five, Lampe, his servant, woke Professor Kant and by five, in his slippers, dressing-gown and night-cap, over which he wore his three-cornered hat, he seated himself in his study ready for breakfast. 早晨五點差五分，仆人蘭普會準(zhǔn)時叫醒康德教授；五點，教 授趿著拖鞋，披著晨衣，戴著睡帽，睡帽上罩頂三角帽， 坐在書房準(zhǔn)備用餐。 5. On the wings of hope, of love, of joy, Miss Meadows sped back to the music hall, up the aisle, up the steps, over to the piano. 美多斯小姐仿佛插上了希望的翅膀，愛情的翅膀，歡樂的翅 膀，一路飛奔到音樂廳，她穿過通道，跑上臺階，快步走 到鋼琴前。  

英譯漢的意合趨勢—時間序列問題 漢語形式結(jié)構(gòu)較弱，所以漢語動詞、小句的 排列就特別依賴于意義、邏輯上的連貫。 而在敘述動作、事件時，漢語一般是按自 然時間順序?qū)⑿【渑帕谐删涞摹Ｓ⒆g漢時， 若能順應(yīng)這一規(guī)律，則非常有利于漢語語 句的組織、建構(gòu)，使譯文層次清晰，敘述 流暢。  

She found herself minus the leg one week after consulting a doctor about a persistent swelling that she attributed to hard work and play in New York City—it was an inoperable bone tumor. While it saved her life, an ensuing year of chemotherapy reduced the once stunning model to a bald shadow of her former self. ? 在詢問醫(yī)生為什么持續(xù)腫脹一個星期之后，她失去了一條 腿。她曾認(rèn)為是由于工作勞累和在紐約市游玩造成的。這 是一個不宜手術(shù)的骨瘤。雖然手術(shù)挽救了她的生命，但接 踵而來的長達(dá)一年的化療使這位一度艷麗銷魂的時裝模特 兒秀發(fā)脫落、枯瘦如柴，失盡昔日風(fēng)采。 ? Please improve the underlined sentences.  

1. Eisenhower’s purpose now was to split Germany in two by joining up with the Russians on the Elbe between Magdeburg and Dresden. 2. Upon my entrance, Usher rose from a sofa on which he had been lying at full length, and greeted me with a vivacious warmth. 3. We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one another for three years after we left China in 1959. 4. One of the gunman’s first victims was an elderly man who was struck by the truck and shot in the head as he attempted to get up.  

5. I always had an idea that you were at least seven feet high, and was quite astonished at your return from India to find you no taller than myself. 6. Last year France’s attention was riveted on the plight of 48 families who camped out for five months on the Place de la Reunion after being evicted from apartments, many of which had no running water. 7. In the first months of school, Levine got 53 emails from her daughter Erin, who drops her a few chatty lines whenever she is near a terminal. 8. James Brindley of Staffordshire started his selfmade career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of 17, having been born poor in a village.   翻譯公司 (責(zé)任編輯：世博翻譯公司)